Mushrooms are a fungus that can be divided into two types of poisonous (not edible) and types that are not poisonous (to eat). Refreshing mushroom has long been used as food ingredients that can increase the taste of food. In general, it contains high protein from other green vegetables. It also contains carbohydrates, high fiber and vitamins and low in fat.
Fresh mushrooms can grow in the wild and can be planted using planting media such as wood and cotton dust. Planting fresh mushrooms have high economic potential. Some types of mushrooms found to be suitable for planting in Malaysia among them is the oyster mushroom or scientific name is Pleurotus sp. There are three common types of oyster mushrooms grown in the area of low, namely: -
a. White Oyster (Pleurotus florida)b. Oyster Gray (Pleurotus sajor-caju)c. Abalone Oyster (Pleurotus Cystidiousus)
Grey Oyster Mushroom Nutrition Diet (100gm fresh weight)
Breakdown Face Food Content
( a ) Energy 37 Kcal
( b ) Water 89.2 gm
( c ) Protein 3.6 gm
(d ) Fat 0.7 gm
( e ) Carbohydrates 4.1 gm
( f ) Fiber 1.8 gm
( g ) Calcium 2 mg
( h ) Phosphorus 88 mg
( i ) Iron 1 mg
( j ) Sodium 6 mg
( k ) Potassium 195 mg
( l ) Vitamin B 1 0.03 mg
( m ) Vitamin B 2 0.45 mg
( n ) Niasin 9.1 mg
( o ) Vitamin C 9.4 mg
Mushroom Cultivation and Management Requirements
Oyster mushroom cultivation success depends on several key environmental factors such as type of substrate, temperature, humidity, light, ventilation, and so on. Good performance in this industry depends on the practices of operators in the following matters.
1. Mold Construction(A.) Construction of new homes and mushrooms are not specifically required. It is more economical when using spaces available and is adding shelves and made a few modifications such as installing nets on the wall to prevent pest attacks and to install water pipes to make watering easy.(B) new materials are also not required, it is sufficient to use the materials used and the materials available.(C) For the convenience of carrying out maintenance work best mushroom house has three spaces.i. Space provision - the place to wood dust blending, filling and steaming bag of mushrooms.ii. Injection rooms - special chamber to inject the seeds.iii. Mushroom bag space - this space is divided into two, namely a space for growth maisiliam (incubation) and a further space for bags to produce mushrooms.(C.) The field size of 4.5mx 4.5m can accommodate about 2000 bag of mushrooms.(E) The width of shelf mushroom is approximately 20-30 cm in length and longer shelf mushroom bag depending on the area of mushroom houses.(F) High shelf is 1.8m and the distance between the rack level preferably 50cm.(G) rack space 0.5mx 1.2m area can accommodate 36-40 bag of mushrooms.(H) The distance between the shelves is an easy-1.5m to carry out maintenance work and collect revenue.
2. Preparation of Mushroom BagBag of mushrooms should be provided as a mushroom growing media maisiliam place. The materials used are rubber wood dust, fine bran, agricultural lime and water. Apart from the above materials, equipment used as well as plastic bags (size 8.5 X 35 cm, heat-resistant), neck and close the bag, cotton.
Methods of preparing mushroom bags are as follows: -(A) Mix of wood dust rubber, rice bran and agricultural lime at a rate of 100: 10: 1 by weight.(B) Shut off water to the dirt timber when the grasp is not greed.(C) Put the rubber to a mixture of wood dust in plastic bags and shock absorbers to compact.(D) Put the neck and cover (cap stuffed with a little cotton).(E) Continue to work (a), (b), (c) and (d) until the expiry of rubber wood dust has been mixed.
3. Mushroom steaming bagsAfter the preparation of mushroom bag, steaming should be carried out to kill all organisms in the dust timber and also seeks to prevent pollution. Tools needed are drums, a set of kitchen gas, and close the lid of the drum barrel.
How to steaming mushroom bags are as follows: -(A) Place the liner into the 12cm tall drums.(B) Fill the water in the drums of the same high level with the pad.(C) Arrange the mushroom bags vertically into drums and close tightly.(D) Steam for 5-6 hours.(E) Remove the mushroom bags of drums and let stand for 2 nights.
4. Mushroom Seed Selection
These factors should be considered to select the seeds mushrooms are as follows: -
(A) Select the desired type of seed mushrooms properly.(B) Maisiliam good mushroom seeds look like white cotton.(C) Select the pertumbuahan maisiliamnya seed to the bottle full of seeds.(D) Do not gunakna brown seeds and remove secretions such as oil because the seeds were old and not active.(E) Do not use seeds that have been contaminated by fungi green, yellow and black.(F) Do not select seeds that smell sour and wormy.
Methods for injecting seeds are as follows: -(A) Choose a good seed is the seed pure white color.(B) Heat the iron pick on fire to kill all organisms that can cause pollution.(C) Break the mushrooms to pick seeds that have been in the heat earlier.(D) Open the mouth of the bag and add mushrooms, mushroom seed estimates of a tablespoon.(E) Heat closed mouth and put the bag of mushrooms mushrooms back in the bag.(F) Record the injection of seed and bags of mushrooms in the mushroom.(G) Incubation right bag for 30-35 days until the mushrooms mushrooms maisiliam meet bag. Temperature 28C - 30C is the most appropriate in this incubation process. Incubation mushroom bags are placed in a cold room and separate.
6. Care Bag And The Mushroom House Mushroom Suitable for Good Growth(A) bags that were injected consolidated placed special space for the incubation process before the mold was moved to the house.(B) The temperature of any 28C - 30C is suitable for the growth maisiliam during incubation.(C) The temperature in the house for mold fungus growth is 30C - 32C.(D) Relative humidity of air required in the mushroom house is 80-90%.(E) For low temperature and humidity are required, mushroom house should be watered two times a day of morning and evening. Splash of good done in walls, floors and if necessary, to the roof.(F) Remove and destroy bags of mushrooms that have been contaminated bags of yellow-green and orange and black bags that have been entered into by insects and maggots.(G) Remove the bags of old and uneconomical from the mushroom house. These bags can be recycled as fertilizer plant compass.(H) Clean the mushrooms home environment from weeds and rubbish.(I) To plant lots of shady trees around the house to get the mushroom dim atmosphere with low temperature.(J) Good ventilation is needed for lush growth of mold.(K) Home mushrooms require low light and the rest. Rays of the sun directly into the mushroom house will hinder the growth of fungi.
7. Collecting revenue
After the injection of seed, further work is to collect revenue. How to collect the results are as follows: -
(A) After maisiliam meet the mushroom bag, move and arrange the bags on the shelf collapsed in the mushroom house. Appropriate temperature in the mushroom house is 30C - 32C with relative humidity of 80% comparative - 90%.(B) Open mouth bag of mushrooms and wait for the first probe (3-5 days after the close of the bag is opened).(C) Spray water on the walls, floor and mushroom bags in the mornings and evenings to raise humidity and lower temperature state.(D) Collect mushrooms that were grown before the sides and around the waves breaking.(E) Close the mouth of the bag back mushrooms and Rest of the bag for 70-10 days prior to the re-opening to yield the following.
Collection of mushrooms is the first 40-60 days after the injection of seed. The following excerpt is 10-14 days after the bag rested. Once the collection of revenue can reach the bag of 60-80 g / bag and a bag of mushrooms can provide 5-6 times the proceeds to talk for 3-4. Mushrooms have been harvested can be stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 5C - 10C for 2-3 days.
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