In the field of landscape architecture or landscape, the materials used in a landscape design can be categorized into two groups, "Softscape 'and' Hardscape.
"Softscape 'is a living material, such as ornamental trees, flowers, trees and grass-arranged medley-set by a design plan.
"Hardscape" is a building that is used as an addition or a combination of 'Softscape' for a more interesting effect on a recreational park. Among the examples of 'hardscape' in a garden is a brick, bridge, fence and carved statues.
To build a structure of Hardscape, simenfero technology is introduced and widely used in the development of recreational parks. Using this method, a design 'Harpscape' can be shaped and built with ease as well as low cost.
Fero cement is the kind of structures of the mortar itself (the mixture of sand, cement and water) in lepa thin steel wire in the network. So basically simenfero term means a combination of ferrous (iron) and cement.Historically fero cement was pioneered by Joseph Louis, a French noble birth in 1848 and was patented in 1852. He has built several structures such as boat-rowing, flower pots and benches from a material called 'Ferciment. The technology has subsequently been developed by Professor Nervi.Ferp cement technology was subsequently expanded to other countries such as Russia, India, Tibet, Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Asia. In places where the hard earned wood or decreases, this technology has been used to build structures such as the protection of residential homes and farm structures.
In Australia, the Sydney Opera House building was constructed by using fero cement. In Indonesia and India, railway stations and mosques were built using this technology. In Italia, has built its naval warship technology simenfero during the second world war.
In the Philippines, Malaysia Fin (Ferrocement Information Network, based at the Annual University of Agriculture Malaysia , are the institutions responsible for introducing and developing technology since 1979.
Advantages Fero cement
Many structures 'Hardscape' a landscape architecture built using the technology because it is easy to set up simenfero. A part from that, the structure is resistant fero cement exposed to rain and heat, have the force of heat flow is low, strong, easily repaired and does not require sophisticated equipment for construction work. The materials used for construction of structures fero cement easily available and affordable.
Material Fero cement
Essentially, fero cement composite materials consisting of mortar (a mixture of sand, cement and water), reinforcement, wire mesh and steel that are formed in accordance with the desired structure. Mixture should be done carefully to ensure fero cement structure can meet the required quality.
Building materials needed for cement is fero cement, fine sand, reinforcement mesh, steel wire and paint.
Cement
Cement is a building material which has viscosity characteristics which allow to form with pieces of minerals into a compact structure. Materials that stick in fero cement called mortar.Mortar generally consist of a mixture of Portland cement and silica sand. Cement, when mixed with water into a gel and finally produce a strong structure of hardened cement paste. There are three types of cement, namely: -
1.Simen Ordinary Portland (Type 1)2.Simen Ordinary Portland (Type 11)3.Simen Portland Fast Hard (of I11)Against Portland 4.Simen Sulfate (Type 1V
Ordinary Portland Cement (Type 1)
This type of cement is not recommended to be used for the construction of the structure is exposed to sulfate in the soil, ground water, sea water and a high state of hydration.
Ordinary Portland Cement (Type 11)
This type of cement can be used for the construction of the dam structure. It also can be used in situations where the temperature rose rapidly, the high and where the thermal contraction can be reduced.
Ordinary Portland Cement (Type I11)
This type of cement used for the purpose of producing power quickly. In general, the strength is seven times stronger than ordinary cement at the same rate of water use in the mix and strength of the measured three days after mixing.
Against Portland Cement Sulfate (Type 1V)
This type of cement can be used for building structures exposed to sulfate and seawater attack. This type of cement did not reduce the force against Sulfate and are usually more expensive than ordinary cement.
Fine Aggregate
Best aggregate fero cement mixture is river sand. Before use, the sand must be clean from mud and soil, come pre-assembled and free from organic materials that can react chemically with the cement.Sand must be graded to sift it first. The maximum aggregate size is 2.63mm. Size is important to ensure good quality construction.Mixing ratio of cement, sand and water is an important point in getting a good mixture for a structure.
Table 1: The ratio of mixing sand / cement and cement / water for Weight-Based Construction Common.
Mixture Ratio
Cement and Sand 1: 1.5 - 2.5
Cement / water 1: 0.35 - 0.5
For example, if the ratio of cement / sand-cement ratio be 2.0 and / 0.5 dimabil water, then cement is needed for 1kg 2.0kg 0.5kg of sand and water required for the selected ratio.
And mesh reinforcement
Reinforcement is the material used to form structures and the basic strength of the structure. Materials used for reinforcement should be selected from the appropriate type and size as RodMS Steel, wire and others. Bamboo is also used as reinforcement was attempted.Steel mesh was used as a plaster to the concrete surface to form a structure.. There are several types of networks used as Hexagon wire mesh (0.5 x 22 gauge) or better known mesh pigeon. Square weld mesh (0.5 x 19 Gauge x 0.5), expanded metal (Expanded Metal) and Watson network.
Paint (dye)
Paint or dye used for the structural estatik other than adding a built resilience. Epoxy is also used for the purpose of improving the performance and use of structures exposed to humid conditions.
The type and color of the selected depending on the structures and artistic expertise of a person. Which type of paint used is Cote Timber and shiny paint types (gloss). Cat "Timber Cote" has 9 different colors while the paint of polished (gloss) is ideal for color selection and shiny.
Basic Tools For Work SimenFero
For fero cement work, basic equipment needed is a shovel cement, cement Smoothing, "plier, wire cutters and some other equipment.
Construction Process Structure fero cement
In the construction of the structures 'Hardscape' garden art, it involves several processes. In short, the construction of fero cement structure is as follows.
1. Determine the type and size of structures to be built2. To determine the approximate quantity of materials3. Form a frame structure4. Preparing the mortar mix (by volume)5. Plaster mortar6. Completing the work surface.7. Treatment8. Painting
Determine the type and size.
Fero cement structures to determine the nature, size and whether the appropriate volume based on the budget or plan to design a landscape that has been provided.
To determine the approximate quantity of construction materials.
In practice, the materials for cement fero not weighed before the mixture is made, but measured by volume. Given the density of the mixture is not equal to each other, then measure by volume should be changed so that the ratio by weight can be removed.
The density of ordinary cement, sand and water is around 3150 kg / cubic meter, 2600 kg / cubic meter, and 1000 kg / cubic meter. This shows that the density for a volume load as 1meter solid, heavy formed by the 3150 kg of cement, sand and water 2600 kg 1000 kg, according to the volume capacity ratio, which is to be converted into cargo volume.
For the calculation of material for mixing mortar, mix ratio by weight to water: cement: sand can be converted to a ratio by volume as follows:
The ratio by weight is:
Sand / Cement 2.0: 1.0
Water / Cement 0.5: 1.0
For each cement volume V, the volume of sand required is
= 3150 x 2 x V
__________
2600
= 2.5V
Water required is:
= 0.5 x 3150 x V
Therefore, in accordance with the volume ratio of water: cement: sand is equivalent to 1.5: of 1.0: 2.5In the preparation of materials for a project, the estimated volume to be built structure can be determined by the ratio determined. This is to prevent wastage or lack of materials during the project.For example, to construct a simple garden art structures require a large volume of mortar 0.2meter. Increase of 10% - 15% of the volume is made as to security reasons.To ensure a good mix, you can test it with a little double concrete by hand. If you do not clench formed the crack or split up, this indicates the lack of cement concrete or water. If you clench hard to be formed, this means that the concrete over the water.
Form a framework structureOnce the materials have been prepared for fero cement, the framework of a building to be done Using the materials for reinforcement, and wire mesh. Frame is made of soft steel and wrapped with wire mesh on the frame structure is bound with fine wire. Make sure the frame and mesh neatly tied.
Fero cement for the structure, usually plaster mix mortar by hand. Plaster mortar should be consistent and mortar can flow into the net to meet the cavity is air-cavity. This determines the durability and quality of structures. Typically, the mixture should be paved from the outside into the surface structure. Mortar mix well with the appropriate viscosity to facilitate resurfacing works. It is important to compress the mortar due to the presence of the cavity-air cavity lesion structural strength. Plaster work requires skills usually acquired through training and experience.
Surface Finishing.
After the plaster mortar is finished, fero cement surface finishing work to be done before the mortar dried whole or 'set'. Make sure no exposed wire or steel from the surface as it will weaken the structure. Building surface can be left rough or smooth depending on the construction of the structure. Well, the thickness of the mortar that covers the reinforcement / mesh wire must not exceed 1.5mm. These are the appropriate thickness in the most fero cement construction.
Painting
The combination of color plays an important role in shaping the construction of a cement estatik fero or 'Hardscape' landscape. Colored cement can be used to maintain the color of a surface structure, but its price is more expensive than ordinary cement. To get a beautiful finish paint should be applied to the movement from left to right and vice versa, or from top to bottom and vice versa. It also ensures the cavity-cavity on the surface was covered by paint.
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